{"id":5946,"date":"2022-05-26T17:45:10","date_gmt":"2022-05-26T17:45:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mecokullari.k12.tr\/?p=5946"},"modified":"2022-05-26T17:48:03","modified_gmt":"2022-05-26T17:48:03","slug":"cocuklarda-motor-gelisim-nedir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mecokullari.k12.tr\/tr-blog\/cocuklarda-motor-gelisim-nedir","title":{"rendered":"\u00c7ocuklarda Motor Geli\u015fim Nedir?"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"5946\" class=\"elementor elementor-5946\" data-elementor-settings=\"[]\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-section-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" data-particle-mobile-disabled=\"false\" class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c627230 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c627230\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5eb4b92\" data-id=\"5eb4b92\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4400d2c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4400d2c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00c7ocuklarda Motor Geli\u015fim Nedir?<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-62e2ffe elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"62e2ffe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1680\" height=\"780\" src=\"https:\/\/mecokullari.k12.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/C\u0327ocuklarda-Motor-Gelis\u0327im.webp\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mecokullari.k12.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/C\u0327ocuklarda-Motor-Gelis\u0327im.webp 1680w, https:\/\/mecokullari.k12.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/C\u0327ocuklarda-Motor-Gelis\u0327im-300x139.webp 300w, https:\/\/mecokullari.k12.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/C\u0327ocuklarda-Motor-Gelis\u0327im-1024x475.webp 1024w, https:\/\/mecokullari.k12.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/C\u0327ocuklarda-Motor-Gelis\u0327im-768x357.webp 768w, https:\/\/mecokullari.k12.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/C\u0327ocuklarda-Motor-Gelis\u0327im-100x46.webp 100w, https:\/\/mecokullari.k12.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/C\u0327ocuklarda-Motor-Gelis\u0327im-1536x713.webp 1536w, https:\/\/mecokullari.k12.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/C\u0327ocuklarda-Motor-Gelis\u0327im-150x70.webp 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1680px) 100vw, 1680px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aacf17e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"aacf17e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>\n  G\u00fcnl\u00fck hayatta gerekli olan hareketleri yapabilmeye motor beceri, bu hareketleri yapabilmek i\u00e7in  kullan\u0131lan kaslar\u0131n uygun hale gelmesine de motor geli\u015fim denir. \u00c7ocuklarda motor geli\u015fim, beslenmekten y\u00fcr\u00fcmeye, oynamaktan yazmaya kadar her t\u00fcrl\u00fc faaliyetlerini kapsar. Hayat\u0131n ilk 6 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde tamamlanan, h\u0131zla ve artarak devam eden motor geli\u015fim s\u00fcreci, anne karn\u0131ndan itibaren ba\u015flar ve do\u011fumdan itibaren ya\u015flara g\u00f6re d\u00f6rt d\u00f6nemde incelenir:\n<\/p><ol><li>\n  Refleks Hareket D\u00f6nemi\n<\/li><li>\n  \u0130lkel hareket D\u00f6nemi\n<\/li><li>\n  Temel Hareket D\u00f6nemi\n<\/li><li>\n  Sporla \u0130li\u015fkili Hareket D\u00f6nemi\n<\/li><\/ol>\n<p>\n  \u0130nsan hayata geldi\u011fi anda ba\u015flayan ve nefes alma, yutkunma, g\u00f6z k\u0131rpma, hap\u015f\u0131rma gibi \u00f6m\u00fcr boyu devam edecek refleksif hareketlerden olu\u015fan ilk d\u00f6nem, yerini bilin\u00e7li hareketlerden olu\u015fan hareket d\u00f6nemlerine b\u0131rak\u0131r. 0 &#8211; 2 ya\u015f aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda zamanla reflekslerini kontrol etmeye ba\u015flayan bebekler, denge sa\u011flama, s\u00fcr\u00fcnme, emekleme gibi ilkel hareketlerden sonra ko\u015fma, atlama z\u0131plama gibi temel hareketleri kolayca yapabilecekleri 2 &#8211; 7 ya\u015f s\u00fcrecini ya\u015farlar. Psikomotor geli\u015fim d\u00f6nemlerinde temel hareketleri sporla ili\u015fkili hareketler d\u00f6nemi takip eder.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  D\u00f6rt ana geli\u015fim alan\u0131ndan biri olan ve fiziksel geli\u015fim olarak da kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kan motor geli\u015fim, di\u011fer alanlar olan dil geli\u015fimi, bili\u015fsel geli\u015fim ve sosyal &#8211; duygusal geli\u015fim ile de etkile\u015fim halindedir. \u00d6rne\u011fin y\u00fcr\u00fcmeye ba\u015flayan bir \u00e7ocuk art\u0131k d\u00fcnyay\u0131 alg\u0131lamak i\u00e7in daha fazla uyar\u0131c\u0131ya eri\u015febilir hale gelir ve bu da \u00e7ocu\u011fun bili\u015fsel geli\u015fimini olumlu y\u00f6nde etkiler. Bili\u015fsel geli\u015fimi kuvvetlenen \u00e7ocuk, konu\u015fmaya yatk\u0131nl\u0131k kazan\u0131r ve bu sayede sosyal ve duygusal y\u00f6nden de yol kat eder.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  Hareket etme ve dokunma yetene\u011fiyle ilgili olan motor geli\u015fim, ince motor ve kal\u0131n motor becerilerinin geli\u015fimi olarak iki kategoride incelenir. Kaba motor beceriler \u00e7ocu\u011fun atlamak, z\u0131plamak, ko\u015fmak, y\u00fcr\u00fcmek, y\u00fczmek gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck hareketleri yapabilmek ve denge kurmak, koordinasyon sa\u011flamak, tepki vermek i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck kaslar\u0131 kullanarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi faaliyetlerdir. \n<\/p>\n<p>\n  \u0130nce motor becerileri ise eller, parmaklar, ayaklar, dil, dudaklar ve bileklerdeki daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olan hareketleri ifade eder. \u0130nce motor beceri etkinlikleri, el becerisi gerektiren ve genellikle el &#8211; g\u00f6z koordinasyonu olarak bilinen, ellerin ve parmaklar\u0131n g\u00f6zlerle uyumlu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren tutma, kavrama, aletleri kullanabilme, iki eli kullanma etkinlikleridir.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  \u00c7ocuklarda ince motor becerilerinin g\u00f6zlemlenmesi kaba motor becerilerine g\u00f6re daha zor olsa da, bebeklikten itibaren \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 geli\u015ftirebilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekir:\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n  <li>\n    3 &#8211; 6 ayda nesneleri elden ele aktarabilmesi,\n  <\/li>\n  <li>\n    9 &#8211; 12 ayda nesneleri ba\u015f parma\u011f\u0131 ve i\u015faret parma\u011f\u0131yla kusursuz bir \u015fekilde tutabilmesi, kitaplar\u0131n sayfalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7evirebilmesi,\n  <\/li>\n  <li>\n    18 ayl\u0131kken kalem tutmaya ba\u015flamas\u0131 ve basit karalamalar yapabilmesi\n  <\/li>\n  <li>\n    2 ya\u015f\u0131nda nesnelerle kule yapabilmesi, basit i\u015fleri taklit ederek denemesi,\n  <\/li>\n  <li>\n    3 ya\u015f\u0131nda yapboz yapabilmesi, d\u00fc\u011fmeli ve mekanik oyuncaklar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rabilmesi, \u015fi\u015fe ve kavanoz kapaklar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131p kapatabilmesi,\n  <\/li>\n  <li>\n    4 ya\u015f\u0131nda makas kullanabilmesi,\n  <\/li>\n  <li>\n    5 &#8211; 6 ya\u015f\u0131nda harfleri, say\u0131lar\u0131 ve \u015fekilleri taklit yoluyla \u00e7izebilmesi.\n  <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n  \u0130nce motor becerilerini geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in \u00e7ocuklarla birlikte uygulanabilecek \u00e7e\u015fitli etkinlikler bulunur. Farkl\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckteki kaplar\u0131 i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7irmek, kum, oyun hamuru veya duyusal oyun malzemeleriyle \u00e7e\u015fitli \u015fekiller yapmak, boncuklar\u0131 ipe ge\u00e7irmek, su i\u00e7inde farkl\u0131 nesneleri oynatmak, \u00e7e\u015fitli yap &#8211; bozlarla oynamak, \u00e7e\u015fitli \u015fekiller kesip yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak hatta birlikte kurabiye yapmak, minik kaslar\u0131 harekete ge\u00e7irerek ince motor becerilerini aktive edecektir.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  Kaba motor geli\u015fiminin sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ilerledi\u011fini anlayabilmek i\u00e7in \u00e7ocuklarda g\u00f6zlemlenebilecek baz\u0131 davran\u0131\u015flar \u015f\u00f6yle s\u0131ralanabilir:\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n  <li>\n    \u0130lk 2 ayda bacaklar\u0131n\u0131 ve kollar\u0131n\u0131 sallamas\u0131,\n  <\/li>\n  <li>\n    6 &#8211; 8 ayl\u0131kken ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak yuvarlanabilmesi, uzanabilmesi, oturabilmesi\n  <\/li>\n  <li>\n    12 &#8211; 18 ayl\u0131kken y\u00fcr\u00fcyebilmesi, \n  <\/li>\n  <li>\n    2 ya\u015f\u0131nda iki aya\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde z\u0131playabilmesi, 3 basamak inip \u00e7\u0131kabilmesi, bir topu 1 &#8211; 1,5 metrelik bir hedefe do\u011fru f\u0131rlatabilmesi,\n  <\/li>\n  <li>\n    2 &#8211; 3 ya\u015f aras\u0131nda kald\u0131r\u0131m kenarlar\u0131 gibi denge kurmas\u0131 gereken yerlerde y\u00fcr\u00fcyebilmesi.\n  <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n  \u00c7ocuklar\u0131n kaba motor becerilerinin geli\u015fimine katk\u0131da bulunabilmek i\u00e7in ilk olarak fiziksel faaliyetleri denemesine uygun ortam sunmak ve harekete ge\u00e7mesine izin vermek gerekir. Bir\u00e7ok \u015feyi deneme &#8211; yan\u0131lma ile \u00f6\u011frenen \u00e7ocuklar, fiziksel yeteneklerinin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 da atlay\u0131p z\u0131playarak, hoplay\u0131p t\u0131rmanarak test etmek isterler ve yeni beceriler geli\u015ftirmeyi ancak \u00f6zg\u00fcrce hareket edebildikleri ortamlarda sa\u011flayabilirler.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n  Ba\u015f, boyun, kollar, bacaklardan ba\u015flayarak merkezden \u00e7evreye bir yol izleyen motor geli\u015fim, eller, ayaklar, parmaklar olmak \u00fczere d\u0131\u015f g\u00f6vdeye do\u011fru devam eder. Her ne kadar tahmin edilebilir bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 olsa da bireyseldir ve kazan\u0131m \u015fekilleri ve zamanlar\u0131 \u00e7ocuk \u00f6zelinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. \u00d6te yandan n\u00f6rolojik rahats\u0131zl\u0131klar veya geli\u015fimsel gecikmeler sebebiyle motor geli\u015fimde eksiklik veya aksamalar ya\u015fanabilir. Kaba motor geli\u015fimindeki aksakl\u0131klar g\u00f6zle g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir iken ince motor becerilerinin kazan\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 \u00e7o\u011fu zaman ince motor becerileri gerektiren okul s\u00fcrecine kadar fark edilmeyebilir. \u0130nce motor becerilerindeki gecikmeler, \u015fekilleri ve harfleri taklit etmek gibi temel okul faaliyetlerini yerine getirmeye engel oldu\u011funda belirgin hale gelir ve bu zamana kadar te\u015fhis edilemeyebilir. Okul g\u00f6revlerini yerine getirmekte zorlanan bu \u00e7ocuklar yazmaya daha ge\u00e7 ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in s\u0131n\u0131f i\u00e7erisinde sosyal ve duygusal olarak da kendilerini geli\u015ftiremeyebilirler.\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kaynak:<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/helpmegrowmn.org\/HMG\/HelpfulRes\/Articles\/WhatMotorPhysicalDev\/<\/a>\n<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.verywellfamily.com\/what-are-motor-skills-3107058\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.verywellfamily.com\/what-are-motor-skills-3107058<\/a>\n<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pregnancybirthbaby.org.au\/toddler-development-motor-skills\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.pregnancybirthbaby.org.au\/toddler-development-motor-skills<<\/a>\n<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section data-particle_enable=\"false\" 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kapsar.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5947,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_header_footer","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[116,1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecokullari.k12.tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5946"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecokullari.k12.tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecokullari.k12.tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecokullari.k12.tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecokullari.k12.tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5946"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/mecokullari.k12.tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5946\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5957,"href":"https:\/\/mecokullari.k12.tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5946\/revisions\/5957"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecokullari.k12.tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5947"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mecokullari.k12.tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5946"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecokullari.k12.tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5946"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mecokullari.k12.tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5946"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}